The skin acts as the body’s primary external barrier, protecting against microorganisms that cause infection. When bacteria, fungi, or viruses enter through a cut or bite, they may trigger a localized or widespread response. Dermatologists help you recognize skin changes, and they treat various infections, ranging from impetigo to folliculitis. Here’s information about several different skin infections and how to treat them:
Bacterial Skin Infections
Bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus sometimes cause skin infections, and both organisms can reside on the skin’s surface under normal conditions. A break in the skin gives them access to deeper tissue, where they are able to multiply and potentially cause harm. Knowing which bacterial infections exist helps you describe your symptoms accurately to a provider.
Bacterial skin infections include:
- Impetigo: A surface infection producing sores and honey-colored crusts, common in children
- Cellulitis: A deeper-tissue infection marked by redness, warmth, and swelling
- Folliculitis: Inflammation of hair follicles that appears as small red bumps
- Boils and abscesses: Pus-filled lumps that develop under the skin, sometimes near a hair follicle
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection. A provider may prescribe a topical antibiotic for mild cases or an oral antibiotic when the infection covers a larger area. If an abscess forms, a provider drains it during an office visit. Follow all medication instructions precisely, and contact your provider if redness spreads or a fever develops, since both signal that the infection may be worsening.
Fungal Skin Infections
Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments. Areas like the feet, groin, and skin folds provide ideal conditions for fungal growth, and shared spaces such as locker rooms can increase exposure. Athlete’s foot affects the skin between the toes and on the soles, producing scaling, cracking, and irritation. Ringworm, despite the misleading name, stems from a fungus rather than a worm; it produces a circular rash on the body or scalp. Yeast infections caused by Candida develop in moist skin folds, including the armpits, under the breasts, and the diaper area. Because these conditions resemble other skin issues, a provider may take a skin scraping to confirm the diagnosis.
Providers sometimes suggest over-the-counter antifungal creams or sprays as a first step for mild skin infection cases. When infections persist or affect the scalp and nails, providers may prescribe an oral antifungal medication instead. Keep affected areas clean and dry, since moisture creates the conditions that allow fungi to grow, and avoid sharing towels, shoes, or razors.
Viral Skin Infections
Viruses produce a third category of skin infections. Because antibiotics do not work against viruses, providers may use targeted treatments specific to the organism involved. Warts, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), appear as rough, raised bumps on the hands or feet. Providers sometimes address them using cryotherapy and prescription topical treatments. Cold sores from the herpes simplex virus appear around the lips, while shingles produces a banded rash on one side of the body. Providers may prescribe antiviral medications for both. Molluscum contagiosum presents as small, dome-shaped bumps that spread through skin contact. Providers may recommend monitoring or removal depending on the case. Wash your hands regularly and avoid direct contact with active sores; this helps reduce the risk of spreading viral infections.
Find a Board-Certified Dermatologist
Skin infections can be bacterial, fungal, or viral, and each group requires a different treatment approach. Bacterial infections sometimes require antibiotics or drainage, while fungal infections typically respond to antifungal products. Viral infections may benefit from antivirals or removal methods. Many skin conditions look similar, making professional evaluation a reliable way to get an accurate diagnosis. If you notice a rash, sore, or bump that spreads or fails to improve, schedule an appointment with a qualified provider today.
